Interest in energy conservation has increased recently due to the following developments:
a) Increase in natural gas prices caused by increased demand; the Wall Street Journal has reported that the increase in demand can be directly linked to the increased utilization of natural gas for electric power generation.
b) Increase in demand for oil and higher prices caused by the strong global economy;
c) Unrest in the mid-east;
d) Concern for price volatility caused by low domestic oil supplies;
As a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts specializing in energy conservation and a technical advisor for "Burning Issues", (Burning Issues is an advocacy group that promotes cleaner burning fuels) [www.burningissues.org], I have two major concerns over the use of wood for heating (I am not a representative or spokesman for the oil, natural gas or propane industries nor do I have any financial interests in the above industries):
A) There is inadequate economic benefit to burn wood; a modern high efficiency oil, propane or natural gas appliance will out perform a wood or pellet stove.
The availability of split seasoned wood is decreasing and the cost is increasing; in fact, most of the firewood dealers
that were contacted in the Springfield Yellow pages were completely out of wood. The energy cost value of wood products is not cheap. Wood
at $140/cord is equivalent to oil at $1.53/gallon (I have locked in with my dealer @$.91/gallon) and natural gas
$1.12/Therm (I obtain natural gas @ $.65/therm). Wood pellets @ $2.78 per 40 pound bag is comparable to oil @ $1.73/gallon and natural gas
@ $1.27/Therm. When one adds the $1,500 to $4,500 initial equipment cost and the ongoing value of a persons time to
clean the stoves and load the fuel, an investment in a solid fueled wood or pellet stove may be financially unsound.
B) There can be significant health impacts;
a wood stove is 500-1,000 times dirtier than a modern oil burner. Wood smoke emissions contain fine particulate pollution and can have similar detrimental health effects as tobacco smoke. Experts have documented that the chemical components in wood smoke cause irritation to the respiratory system causing bronchitis, asthma, and sinus infections weakening the immune system resulting in a lower resistance to infectious diseases. I feel that it is time for more responsible energy policies to direct citizens in a more environmentally and economically smarter route on the highway to the 21st Century. I feel that the public should know that returning home in a gas guzzling SUV to their glass enclosed family room heated with a wood stove and a redwood Jacuzzi heated with wood from an 80 year old red oak tree may not be environmentally friendly. I feel that we need to utilize equipment that has comparable emission levels and protects clean air quality standards. I feel we need to more aggressively
promote energy & electrical conservation to reduce our
emissions from, and consumption of fossil fuels. I do not feel burning formerly healthy hardwood trees is the proper utilization of our forests. My experience with fine particulate air pollution
began seven years ago when my neighbor installed an EPA
approved wood stove (with a catalytic converter) that
resulted in my normally healthy lungs bleeding from bronchitis
and my son being hospitalized. I resolved the problem with my
neighbor by investing in a natural gas hydronic heating system
for their family room so they could choose to utilize a heating
system that releases 1/500th the PM1O and PM2.5 pollution of a
wood stove. After this experience, I became an advocate in my
community identifying problems with the use of solid fuels and
promoted Best Available Technologies or "BATs"
utilizing conventional heating equipment. Within the last few years, after I presented
documentation to the Longmeadow Board of Health, the Longmeadow
Bertucci's Wood burning Pizza Restaurant converted its wood burning
oven to natural gas. The emissions from the wood oven became a
nuisance after the wood smoke continued to detrimentally impact
the occupants of a nearby commercial office building, including
the chairman of the Longmeadow Board of Health, Dr. Robert Rappaport. There are other very
good reasons to utilize conventional fuels: "Wood smoke is significantly associated
with respiratory function decrements in young children with asthma."
In Seattle area, "60%-90% of particles in residential neighborhoods
... are from wood burning year round." -EPA report: "A Summary of The Emissions Characterization
and Non-Cancer Respiratory Effects of Wood Smoke," 12/1993.
"Individuals can also help reduce particulate pollution through simple steps such
as using energy efficient light bulbs and appliances, maintaining cars properly,
insulating homes, and curtailing use of wood stoves
for home heating in favor of cleaner fuels." -NRDC report: "Danger in the air," 1996.
Summary and recommendations: 1) Everyone must know the detrimental effects
of secondhand wood smoke; solid fuel appliances should have warning
labels as do cigarettes; we all have a right to know of substances
that are unhealthful; people will make better fuel use choices
if better informed.
2) We should all aggressively implement energy
and electrical conservation to reduce fossil fuel emissions in
our homes and in our vehicles. Example: additional zones and/or
nighttime set-backs will save energy in our homes and reduced
highway speeds would improve mileage on our vehicles.
3) It is far better to convert from electric
heating to conventional fuels instead of converting from electric
to wood;
4) Re-establish the right
of every citizen in this country to breath
clean air and not be detrimentally impacted by fine particulate
pollution; if we were putting Creosote in our water supply there
would be a public outcry;
5) Inform the
public that during periods of fog or nighttime inversions atmospheric
conditions may not allow sufficient atmospheric ventilation to
justify using a wood stove or fireplace 24 hours a day. A conventional
heating system must also be installed so that cleaner conventional
fuels can be utilized when atmospheric conditions do not allow
sufficient atmospheric ventilation or when the solid fuel appliance
becomes a nuisance to abutters
Substantial scientific evidence has shown that
wood smoke can cause and/or contribute to: cardiopulmonary disease,
asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and other problems such as eye irritation,
sinus infections, and acid reflux.
Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Not
a Small Problem!
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